Travel London

If you have a chance to Britain, you must go to see London. London is the largest urban area and capital of England and the United Kingdom. At its core, the ancient City of London, to which the name historically belongs, still retains its limited mediaeval boundaries; but since at least the 19th century the name "London" has also referred to the whole metropolis which has developed around it. Today the bulk of this conurbation forms the London region of England and the Greater London administrative area, with its own elected mayor and assembly.

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Shaolin Temple, Hometown of Chinese Kongfu

People, native or foreign, are easily amazed by Chinese Kungfu performed by Jet Li (李连杰）, a film star now active in Hollywood, or that is shown in "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon".

Anyone interested in Kongfu has heard of Shaolin Temple (Shaolin Si), which is worshipped as the birth place of Kungfu.

Shaolin Temple, located on the south foot of Songshan Mountain (one of China's five most famous mountains), is 76 kilometres away from Zhengzhou, capital of Central China's Henan Province.

Origins of the myth

Founded in 496 during the period of the Northern Wei (386-534), the temple is full of history.

In 527, an Indian monk, Bodhidarma (known to the Chinese as Da Mo), founded the Mahayana sect of Buddhism, which is known as Chen (or Zen).

He stayed there till his death in 535, and the temple has become the centre of Chinese Buddhism.

It is said that Da Mo, seeing monks becoming fat and lazy from long hours sitting in meditation, came up with the idea of walking meditation, which imitated the natural motions of animals and birds. Eventually, the imitation evolved into a form of unarmed combat or martial arts, which is known as Kungfu.

Kongfu worship

Unlike other temples such as Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou or Ta'er Temple in Qinghai, Shaolin Temple enjoyed much fewer worshipers with burning incense.

I was told that this was because people had shifted their expectations from meditation to physical martial arts practicing.

The layout of the temple is quite similar to other Chinese Buddhist temples. However, there are some differences. One of these variations is the numerous stone steles that line the main roads of the temple on which there have been left important records.
On the high stele in front of the Bell Building, people can see the carved autograph of Li Shimin, a Tang Dynasty (618-907) emperor.

Li granted the temple the status of "No.1 temple on earth", and gave the monks a high rank, after 13 martial monks saved him from the enemy - this is the plot of the movie "Shaolin Temple".


Afterwards, the temple became famous and attracted a lot of lay people to study Kungfu. In other areas of China, other schools were established with names such as Emei Shaolin and Guangdong Shaolin.

At present special organizations for imparting Shaolin Kungfu have been set up in more than 10 countries including the US, Holland, France, Belgium, Italy, Singapore, and Switzerland.

People from more than 30 countries and regions have come to the Shaolin Temple to receive Kungfu training. And delegations of Shaolin monks have visited many countries for cultural exchanges in Kung Fu.

Quietly wandering in the temple, you are sure to learn more about Shaolin Kungfu while listening to the monks practicing in the yard.

But to watch their performances, you have to pay 20 yuan ($2.5). [It is not sure how much is it now] For the price of a very small donation, you can beat the big bell by the side of Bell Building nine times as the most sincere and effective prayer for blessings.

Pagoda forest

In another part of the temple, you can see the unique "Forest of Dagobas" (Pagoda Forest), with its 243 stupas or dagobas each containing the remains of an abbot from the Shaolin Monastery.

They were built of either stone or brick. The first stupa at this site was built in 791 and the last in 1803. They range from seven stories (14.6 metres) to just a metre in height with many different styles.

Against the deep and far mountains, this forest looks more like a holy place. But most of the trees are badly weather beaten and require maintenance.

Stephen Chow - the King of Comedy in Asia

Stephen Chow

If you were to ask Western fans of Hong Kong movies who the most popular star in Asia is, names such as Jackie Chan and Chow Yun-Fat would probably come up. However, it is Stephen Chow (sometimes credited as Steven Chow, Stephen Chiau or by his Chinese name, Chow Sing Chi) that is Asia's top box office draw.

Born in 1962 in Hong Kong, Chow grew up as the only boy among three sisters (which may explain the troubles he often encounters with the ladies in his movies). After graduating from high school, he enrolled in the Shaw Bros. TVB acting school in 1982. During his time at the school, his rubber-faced mannerisms found many fans, and he had his first taste of success on the children's TV show "430 Space Shuttle," which also starred another future Hong Kong movie star, Tony Leung Chiu-Wai (Chow finding success on a kid's show could be considered a bit ironic, since Chow is said not to like children very much). Chow also worked with Ng Man-Tat, who would later become his sidekick in many of his most popular movies.

After his time at the TVB school, the studio immediately signed him to a contract, and he enjoyed a successful run on the network in both comedies and dramas. By 1987, Chow had entered into the movie industry with a role in Final Justice, for which he won the prestigious Taiwanese Golden Horse award for best supporting actor. The award caused Chow to put his comedic talents on the back burner as he appeared in a series of action and dramatic roles, including John Woo's Just Heroes and Jet Li's Dragon Fight. However, after appearing with Jacky Cheung in the comedy Faithfully Yours, Chow's comedic nature returned to his film work.

In 1990, Chow scored his first major box office hit with All for the Winner, which was a parody of the previous year's box office champ, Wong Jing's God of Gamblers. Wong is a producer/director who is never one to shy away from cheap publicity, so he hired Chow for the sequel to God of Gamblers. It was with Wong -- a director known for his schizophrenic style -- that Chow solidified his own comedic style, which would come to be known as "moy len tau." Moy len tau is a Cantonese term that roughly translates to "nine comes after eight, but eight has nothing to do with nine," but is more generally termed as "nonsense comedy."

Born from the comedies of the Hui brothers of the late 1970's-early 1980's such as the Mr. Boo series, Chow's moy len tau style features manic pacing, high levels of physical comedy, parody, popular culture references, and heavy use of Cantonese slang. The dependence on Cantonese terms made Chow's movies huge hits with local audiences, and his physical attributes -- notably the aforementioned "rubber face" and general good looks -- translated Chow's films into international hits as well. Chow's collaborations with Wong, which included yet another God of Gamblers movie (by which time he had gained enough popularity to be the movie's top-billed star) had given Chow the basic template for his films -- a slightly dimwitted, but talented, man gets thrown into strange circumstances, where he ultimately finds redemption (and resolution) through love.

After the success of the God of Gamblers movies, Chow's star continued to rise. 1991's Fight Back to School became Hong Kong's top-grossing film of all time, knocking John Woo's mega-hit A Better Tomorrow out of the top spot. The same year also saw Chow appearing in a comedic homage to one of his idols, with Fist of Fury '91, a parody of the classic Bruce Lee movie. Chow continued to spoof other popular movies, such as Swordsman with Royal Tramp, and also did somewhat more serious fare with movies based on folk tales and heroes, as with Flirting Scholar and King of Beggars. Though not was all wine and roses during this period -- Hong Kong audiences are notoriously fickle -- and Chow had his share of flops. But by the time he completed The God of Cookery in 1997, Chow had not only cemented himself as one of Asia's top stars, but a talented producer, writer and director as well.

Stephen Chow is now in the envious position in the Hong Kong movie industry of only having to do one or two movies a year in order to keep in a public's eye (many stars appear in as many as a dozen films a year). And like many of Hong Kong's top stars, Hollywood has come calling. He was originally slated to direct a US remake of God of Cookery starring Jim Carrey, but eventually turned the job down after getting tired of dealing with Hollywood's red tape. Like his comedic style, Stephen Chow seems something that is unique to Hong Kong movies and something which would (and could) only be featured there. However, with the recent success of Chow's Shaolin Soccer (which became the all-time Hong Kong box office winner for a domestic product), American interest seems to have been renewed. Shaolin Soccer is slated to be given a release in US theatres, with re-releases of some of his older movies to follow.